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Convert between all common torque units instantly
1 Nm = 1 newton-meter (base unit)
1 ft-lb = 1.35582 Nm
1 in-lb = 0.112985 Nm
1 kgf·m = 9.80665 Nm
1 ozf·in = 0.00706155 Nm
Torque is a measure of rotational force - the twisting force that causes rotation. It's calculated as force multiplied by distance from the pivot point (lever arm). Torque is fundamental in automotive work, mechanical engineering, and any application involving rotation or fastening.
The newton-meter is the SI unit of torque, representing one newton of force applied at a distance of one meter from the pivot point. It's the standard unit in modern vehicle specifications and international engineering documents. Most European and Asian vehicle manufacturers specify torque in newton-meters.
Foot-pounds are the imperial unit of torque, common in American automotive and mechanical work. One foot-pound represents one pound of force applied at a distance of one foot from the pivot point. Most American vehicle manufacturers and tool specifications use foot-pounds, making conversion to metric units essential for international work.
Inch-pounds are used for smaller torque values where foot-pounds would result in inconveniently small numbers. Common applications include electronics assembly, scope mounting, bicycle components, and small engine work. One inch-pound equals 1/12 of a foot-pound.
Proper torque is critical in automotive work:
In engine performance, torque and horsepower work together but measure different things. Torque is the rotational force the engine produces, while horsepower is how fast that torque is delivered. High torque at low RPM provides strong acceleration and towing capacity. Horsepower determines top speed and sustained high-speed performance. The formula: Horsepower = (Torque × RPM) / 5252.
Using a torque wrench correctly ensures fasteners are tightened to specification. Always pull the handle smoothly - never jerk or bounce. When the wrench clicks (click-type) or reaches the set value (beam or digital), stop applying force immediately. Store torque wrenches at their lowest setting to maintain calibration, and have them professionally calibrated annually for critical applications.
Use the unit specified in your service manual or technical documentation. Most modern international standards use newton-meters (Nm), while American specifications often use foot-pounds (ft-lb) or inch-pounds (in-lb) for smaller values. When working across systems, convert to match your torque wrench's primary scale for best accuracy.
Under-torquing can cause fasteners to loosen from vibration, leading to component failure or safety hazards like wheels coming loose. Over-torquing can strip threads, stretch or break bolts, warp components like brake rotors, or crush gaskets causing leaks. Critical fasteners like cylinder head bolts can fail catastrophically if improperly torqued.
While experienced mechanics develop a feel for torque, it's never as accurate as using a proper torque wrench. For non-critical fasteners, you might get away with estimation, but safety-critical components like wheels, suspension, brakes, and engine internals must always be torqued to specification with a calibrated tool. The risk of failure isn't worth the savings.
No, you just need to convert the specification to match your wrench's unit. Many modern torque wrenches display both Nm and ft-lb scales, making conversion unnecessary. However, ensure your wrench's range covers your needed values - a wrench rated for 20-200 ft-lb won't accurately measure the 10 in-lb needed for electronics work.