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Instantly convert oven temperatures between Fahrenheit, Celsius, and Gas Mark. Perfect for following international recipes and baking with confidence.
350°F = 175°C = Gas Mark 4
Most common baking temperature
Formula: °C = (°F - 32) × 5/9
Fahrenheit to Celsius conversion
Convection: Reduce by 25°F / 20°C
Fan ovens run hotter
Quick Presets
This reference table covers the most frequently used oven temperatures for baking, roasting, and broiling. Keep it handy when following recipes from different countries.
| Fahrenheit (°F) | Celsius (°C) | Gas Mark | Common Use |
|---|---|---|---|
| 225°F | 110°C | 1/4 | Very slow oven, meringues |
| 250°F | 120°C | 1/2 | Slow oven, drying herbs |
| 275°F | 135°C | 1 | Slow roasting, custards |
| 300°F | 150°C | 2 | Slow-cook casseroles, shortbread |
| 325°F | 160°C | 3 | Gentle baking, cheesecake |
| 350°F | 175°C | 4 | Standard baking: cakes, cookies |
| 375°F | 190°C | 5 | Pies, muffins, biscuits |
| 400°F | 200°C | 6 | Roast chicken, bread, pastry |
| 425°F | 220°C | 7 | Roast potatoes, scones |
| 450°F | 230°C | 8 | Pizza, flatbread, high-heat roasting |
| 475°F | 245°C | 9 | Very hot oven, naan bread |
| 500°F | 260°C | 10 | Extreme heat, pizza stone |
| 200°F | 93°C | - | Warming, keeping food hot |
| 170°F | 77°C | - | Proofing bread dough |
| 550°F | 288°C | - | Broil / grill setting |
Oven temperature conversion is the process of translating cooking temperatures between different measurement scales: Fahrenheit, Celsius (also historically called Centigrade), and Gas Mark. These three systems arose from different regional and technological traditions. Fahrenheit, developed by Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit in 1724, remains the standard in the United States. Celsius, created by Anders Celsius in 1742 and adopted internationally, is used across Europe, Asia, Australia, and most of the world. The Gas Mark system, unique to British and some Commonwealth ovens, was introduced in the early 20th century as a numbered dial on gas oven regulators.
Understanding how to convert between these scales is essential for any home cook or professional chef working with international recipes. A British recipe calling for Gas Mark 6 needs to be set to 400°F or 200°C for an American or European oven. Without accurate conversion, you risk undercooking or burning your food. The mathematical relationship between Fahrenheit and Celsius is straightforward, while Gas Mark requires a reference table because it uses an irregular stepped scale rather than a continuous measurement.
Modern digital ovens often display both Fahrenheit and Celsius, but many gas ovens, especially older models, still use Gas Mark numbering. Whether you are baking a French pastry, roasting a traditional British Sunday dinner, or following an American cookie recipe, knowing how to convert oven temperatures ensures consistent, reliable cooking results every time.
For a quick Fahrenheit to Celsius estimate: subtract 30, then divide by 2. For example, 400°F → (400 − 30) / 2 = 185°C (actual: 204°C). This gets you in the ballpark fast, though it slightly underestimates. For more accuracy, subtract 32 and divide by 1.8 instead of 2.
| Baked Good | °F | °C | Gas Mark |
|---|---|---|---|
| Meringues | 225°F | 110°C | 1/4 |
| Cheesecake | 325°F | 160°C | 3 |
| Cookies | 350°F | 175°C | 4 |
| Cake layers | 350°F | 175°C | 4 |
| Muffins | 375°F | 190°C | 5 |
| Pie crust | 400°F | 200°C | 6 |
| Scones | 425°F | 220°C | 7 |
| Artisan bread | 450°F | 230°C | 8 |
| Food | °F | °C | Gas Mark |
|---|---|---|---|
| Low & slow pork shoulder | 275°F | 135°C | 1 |
| Roast beef (slow) | 300°F | 150°C | 2 |
| Whole turkey | 325°F | 160°C | 3 |
| Roast chicken | 400°F | 200°C | 6 |
| Roast potatoes | 425°F | 220°C | 7 |
| Roasted vegetables | 425°F | 220°C | 7 |
| Pizza (home oven) | 475-500°F | 245-260°C | 9-10 |
Even a 25°F difference can mean flat cookies, sunken cakes, or underbaked centers. Accurate temperature conversion prevents these common baking failures.
Meats must reach specific internal temperatures to destroy harmful bacteria. Using the wrong oven temperature can extend cooking times and create food safety risks.
The best recipes come from around the world. Converting temperatures correctly lets you follow French patisserie, British bakes, and American classics with confidence.
Temperature and time are linked. Setting the wrong temperature means adjusting cook time on the fly, leading to guesswork and inconsistent results.
Most recipes assume a fully preheated oven. Placing food in a cold oven changes cooking time and results dramatically, especially for baking.
Home ovens can be off by 25°F or more. An inexpensive oven thermometer eliminates guesswork and ensures your conversions actually match the real temperature inside.
Fan-assisted (convection) ovens run about 20°C (25°F) hotter than conventional ovens at the same dial setting. Reduce temperature accordingly when using a fan oven.
Gas Mark uses a stepped scale. A recipe calling for Gas Mark 3 is 325°F, not 300°F. Rounding to the wrong Gas Mark number can shift your temperature by 25°F.
At high altitudes (above 3,000 feet), you may need to increase oven temperature by 15-25°F because lower air pressure affects how foods bake and rise.
Post a temperature conversion chart on your fridge or inside a cabinet door for quick reference. This saves time and prevents errors during busy cooking sessions.
350 degrees Fahrenheit equals approximately 177 degrees Celsius (often rounded to 175°C or 180°C). This is one of the most common oven temperatures for baking cakes, cookies, and casseroles.
Gas Mark 4 is equivalent to 350°F or approximately 177°C. It is considered a moderate oven temperature and is the standard setting for most baking recipes.
Subtract 32 from the Fahrenheit temperature, then multiply by 5/9. For example, 400°F minus 32 equals 368, multiplied by 5/9 equals approximately 204°C.
Recipes originate from different countries. The United States primarily uses Fahrenheit, most of Europe and the rest of the world uses Celsius, and older British recipes use the Gas Mark system tied to gas oven regulator settings.
Celsius and Centigrade refer to the same temperature scale. The name was officially changed from Centigrade to Celsius in 1948 to honor the Swedish astronomer Anders Celsius, who developed the scale in 1742.
200 degrees Celsius is approximately Gas Mark 6, which equals 392°F (often rounded to 400°F). This is a moderately hot oven temperature commonly used for roasting vegetables and baking bread.
Conversions between Fahrenheit and Celsius are mathematically exact, but Gas Mark values are approximate since Gas Mark is a stepped scale. Most home ovens also vary by 10-25 degrees from the set temperature, so small rounding differences are negligible.
Fan-assisted (convection) ovens circulate hot air, cooking food faster and more evenly. Reduce the standard temperature by about 20°C (or 25°F) when using a convection setting. For example, if a recipe calls for 200°C, set a convection oven to 180°C.
The highest standard Gas Mark is 10, which corresponds to 500°F or 260°C. This extremely high temperature is rarely used for home cooking but may be needed for pizza or very high-heat searing.
Most home ovens can vary by 25°F (about 15°C) or more from the displayed temperature. Using an oven thermometer is the best way to verify your oven actual internal temperature for consistent baking and roasting results.
This calculator is provided for informational purposes only. Always verify oven temperatures with a thermometer for critical baking and food safety applications. UnitTables is not responsible for cooking outcomes.