Loading Calculator...
Please wait a moment
Please wait a moment
Calculate cardiac output and cardiac index to assess heart function
Normal: 60-100 mL
Normal: 60-100 bpm
For Cardiac Index (optional):
CO = SV × HR
CI = CO ÷ BSA
Cardiac output (CO) is the volume of blood the heart pumps per minute. It's a fundamental measure of heart function and is determined by two factors: stroke volume (blood pumped per beat) and heart rate (beats per minute).
Cardiac index (CI) adjusts cardiac output for body size using body surface area (BSA), making it more useful for comparing heart function between individuals of different sizes. It's particularly important in critical care settings.
Normal stroke volume at rest is 60-100 mL per beat. Athletes may have higher stroke volumes (up to 120+ mL) due to cardiac adaptation. During exercise, stroke volume can increase by 50-100%.
Cardiac index accounts for body size, allowing meaningful comparison between individuals. A cardiac output of 5 L/min might be normal for a small person but low for a large person. Cardiac index normalizes for this difference.
During intense exercise, cardiac output can increase 4-5 fold (to 20-25 L/min) through increases in both heart rate and stroke volume. Well-trained athletes can achieve even higher values.