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Calculate LDL ("bad") cholesterol using the Friedewald equation
LDL = TC - HDL - (TG ÷ 5)
Note: Only valid when TG < 400 mg/dL (4.5 mmol/L)
LDL (Low-Density Lipoprotein) cholesterol is often called "bad" cholesterol because high levels can lead to plaque buildup in arteries, increasing the risk of heart disease and stroke. LDL particles carry cholesterol to cells throughout the body, but excess LDL can deposit cholesterol in artery walls.
The Friedewald equation estimates LDL from other lipid measurements. While convenient, it becomes less accurate at high triglyceride levels (>400 mg/dL), and direct LDL measurement may be needed in such cases.
<130 mg/dL
No heart disease or diabetes. 0-1 risk factors.
<100 mg/dL
2+ risk factors. 10-20% 10-year CVD risk.
<70 mg/dL
Heart disease, diabetes, or very high CVD risk.
LDL carries cholesterol to cells but can deposit excess cholesterol in artery walls, forming plaques that narrow arteries and increase heart disease risk. High LDL is consistently linked to cardiovascular disease.
The Friedewald equation is reasonably accurate when triglycerides are below 400 mg/dL. At higher triglyceride levels, it underestimates LDL and direct measurement is needed.
Medication decisions depend on your overall cardiovascular risk, not just LDL level. Statins are typically recommended for those with heart disease, diabetes, LDL ≥190, or high 10-year CVD risk. Consult your healthcare provider.