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Calculate volume and surface area of a hollow cylinder (pipe or tube). Enter outer radius, inner radius, and height.
A hollow cylinder (also called cylindrical shell, annular cylinder, or pipe) is formed by two concentric cylinders. The space between them is the material; the inner space is hollow.
Given: OD, ID, height
R = OD/2, r = ID/2
Given: R, wall thickness t, height
r = R - t
Pipes (PVC, copper, steel), tubes, drinking straws, cylindrical tanks, rings, bushings, bearings, rollers, and many structural elements.
Weight = Material Volume × Density. Calculate V = π(R² - r²)h, then multiply by the material density (e.g., steel ≈ 7.85 g/cm³, aluminum ≈ 2.7 g/cm³).
Schedule is an industry standard for wall thickness. Higher schedules mean thicker walls. SCH 40 is standard weight; SCH 80 is extra-strong; SCH 160 is double extra-strong.
The inner volume V = πr²h gives the capacity. This is what can flow through or be stored inside. Convert to liters by dividing cm³ by 1000, or multiply m³ by 1000.