Freight Class Calculator
Determine your NMFC (National Motor Freight Classification) freight class based on density. Freight class affects LTL (Less Than Truckload) shipping rates - lower classes mean lower costs.
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Freight Class Results
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NMFC Freight Class Chart
| Class | Density (lb/ft³) | Example Items | Rate Level |
|---|---|---|---|
| 50 | ≥ 50 | Clean freight, fits on standard pallet | Lowest |
| 55 | ≥ 35 | Bricks, cement, mortar, hardwood flooring | Very Low |
| 60 | ≥ 30 | Car accessories & parts, steel cables | Low |
| 65 | ≥ 22.5 | Car parts, bottled beverages, books | Low-Mid |
| 70 | ≥ 15 | Car parts & accessories, food items | Mid-Low |
| 77.5 | ≥ 13.5 | Tires, bathroom fixtures, garments | Mid |
| 85 | ≥ 12 | Crated machinery, cast iron stoves | Mid |
| 92.5 | ≥ 10.5 | Computers, monitors, refrigerators | Mid-High |
| 100 | ≥ 9 | Car covers, canvas, wine cases, caskets | Mid-High |
| 110 | ≥ 8 | Cabinets, framed artwork, table saw | High |
| 125 | ≥ 7 | Small household appliances, exhibits | High |
| 150 | ≥ 6 | Auto sheet metal, bookcases, furniture | Higher |
| 175 | ≥ 5 | Clothing, couches, stuffed furniture | Higher |
| 200 | ≥ 4 | Auto sheet metal parts, TVs, mattresses | Very High |
| 250 | ≥ 3 | Bamboo furniture, mattresses, pillows | Very High |
| 300 | ≥ 2 | Wood cabinets, tables, chairs, models | Expensive |
| 400 | ≥ 1 | Deer antlers, ping pong balls | Very Expensive |
| 500 | < 1 | Bags of gold dust, ping pong balls | Highest |
* Freight classes range from 50 (lowest rate) to 500 (highest rate). The NMFC assigns classes based on density, stowability, handling, and liability characteristics.
How to Use the Freight Class Calculator
Step 1: Measure Your Shipment
Measure the length, width, and height of your freight. For palletized goods, measure the entire pallet including the pallet itself. Always measure the longest points (include any overhang).
Step 2: Weigh Your Shipment
Weigh your freight including all packaging and pallets. For multiple identical units, enter the weight per unit and specify the quantity.
Step 3: Calculate Density
The calculator determines your density (pounds per cubic foot) and matches it to the appropriate NMFC freight class. Higher density = lower freight class = lower shipping rates.
⚠️ Important Note
This calculator provides a density-based estimate. The actual freight class may differ based on the specific commodity being shipped. Some items have NMFC-assigned classes regardless of density. Always verify with your carrier or consult the NMFC tariff for your specific commodity.
Freight Class Formula
Density Formula
Density = Weight (lbs) ÷ Volume (cubic feet)
First, calculate the volume in cubic feet, then divide the total weight by volume.
Volume Formula (Inches)
Cubic Feet = (L × W × H) ÷ 1,728
There are 1,728 cubic inches in a cubic foot (12 × 12 × 12).
Example: Dense Freight
Pallet: 48" × 40" × 48" = 53.3 ft³
Weight: 2,000 lbs
Density = 2,000 ÷ 53.3 = 37.5 lb/ft³
Freight Class: 55
Example: Light Freight
Pallet: 48" × 40" × 60" = 66.7 ft³
Weight: 200 lbs
Density = 200 ÷ 66.7 = 3.0 lb/ft³
Freight Class: 250
Frequently Asked Questions
What is NMFC freight class?
NMFC (National Motor Freight Classification) is a standardized freight classification system used by LTL carriers in the United States. It assigns classes from 50 to 500 based on density, stowability, handling, and liability. Lower classes have lower shipping rates.
Why does freight class matter?
Freight class directly affects your shipping cost. LTL carriers use freight class to determine rates - a shipment classified as Class 500 will cost significantly more than the same-sized shipment at Class 50. Accurate classification prevents reclassification fees.
What is density-based pricing?
Many carriers now use density-based pricing which determines freight class purely based on the weight-to-volume ratio (pounds per cubic foot). This simplifies classification but may differ from commodity-based NMFC classes.
How can I lower my freight class?
Increase density by using smaller packaging, reducing empty space, consolidating items, or using heavier pallets. Some shippers also reclassify or renegotiate based on actual handling and stowability characteristics.
What happens if I classify my freight incorrectly?
Carriers can reclassify your shipment and charge you the difference plus a reclassification fee. Under-classifying is considered freight fraud. It's always better to classify accurately or conservatively.
Is density the only factor in freight class?
No. The NMFC considers four factors: density (weight per cubic foot), stowability (shape and ability to load), handling (fragility and special requirements), and liability (value and perishability). However, many carriers use density-based pricing for simplicity.
What's the difference between LTL and FTL?
LTL (Less Than Truckload) is for smaller shipments that share trailer space with other freight. FTL (Full Truckload) is for larger shipments that fill an entire trailer. Freight class only applies to LTL shipments.
Do all carriers use the same freight classes?
Most US LTL carriers follow NMFC freight classes, but some use their own classification systems or density-based pricing tiers. International carriers typically use volumetric weight calculations instead.
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Disclaimer
This calculator provides density-based freight class estimates for general guidance. Actual NMFC freight classes may vary based on commodity type, special handling requirements, and carrier policies. For official classification, consult the NMFC tariff or your LTL carrier. Always verify classification before shipping to avoid reclassification fees.