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Convert between g-force, m/s², ft/s², and Gal instantly
G to m/s²: m/s² = g × 9.80665
m/s² to G: g = m/s² ÷ 9.80665
ft/s² to m/s²: m/s² = ft/s² × 0.3048
m/s² to ft/s²: ft/s² = m/s² ÷ 0.3048
Gal to m/s²: m/s² = Gal × 0.01
m/s² to Gal: Gal = m/s² × 100
| Acceleration Type | G-Force | m/s² | ft/s² | Gal |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Earth Gravity | 1.000 g | 9.81 m/s² | 32.17 ft/s² | 980.7 Gal |
| Moon Gravity | 0.165 g | 1.62 m/s² | 5.32 ft/s² | 162.0 Gal |
| Mars Gravity | 0.380 g | 3.71 m/s² | 12.17 ft/s² | 371.0 Gal |
| Car Acceleration | 1.500 g | 14.71 m/s² | 48.26 ft/s² | 1471.0 Gal |
| Emergency Braking | 1.200 g | 11.77 m/s² | 38.61 ft/s² | 1177.0 Gal |
| Roller Coaster Peak | 4.000 g | 39.23 m/s² | 128.70 ft/s² | 3923.0 Gal |
| Fighter Jet Maneuver | 9.000 g | 88.26 m/s² | 289.57 ft/s² | 8826.0 Gal |
| Space Shuttle Launch | 3.000 g | 29.42 m/s² | 96.52 ft/s² | 2942.0 Gal |
| Minor Earthquake | 0.010 g | 0.10 m/s² | 0.32 ft/s² | 9.8 Gal |
| Major Earthquake | 0.500 g | 4.90 m/s² | 16.09 ft/s² | 490.3 Gal |
G-Force (g): A unit of acceleration equal to the acceleration due to Earth's gravity (9.80665 m/s²). Commonly used in aviation, automotive, and aerospace applications to describe forces experienced by humans and equipment.
Meters per Second Squared (m/s²): The SI unit of acceleration. It represents the change in velocity (in meters per second) per second. This is the standard unit used in physics and engineering calculations worldwide.
Feet per Second Squared (ft/s²): The imperial unit of acceleration. Used primarily in the United States for engineering applications that work with imperial measurements. Standard gravity equals 32.174 ft/s².
Gal (Galileo): A unit equal to 1 cm/s² (0.01 m/s²), named after Galileo Galilei. Primarily used in seismology to measure earthquake ground acceleration and in gravimetry for measuring variations in Earth's gravitational field.
Standard gravity (1 g) is defined as exactly 9.80665 m/s², 32.174 ft/s², or 980.665 Gal. This value represents the nominal acceleration due to gravity at Earth's surface and is used as a reference for measuring other accelerations.
Different fields use different units for convenience. G-force is intuitive for human experience, m/s² is the SI standard for scientific work, ft/s² is used in US engineering, and Gal provides convenient numbers for seismology. All measure the same physical quantity.
Most people can tolerate 5 g (49 m/s²) for short periods. Trained pilots with g-suits can withstand up to 9 g (88 m/s²). Forces above 10 g can cause unconsciousness and injury. The direction matters - horizontal forces are better tolerated than vertical ones.
Mass is constant, but weight changes with gravity. On Earth at 1 g, a 10 kg object weighs 98.1 N. During 3 g acceleration, the same 10 kg object experiences 294.3 N of force. G-force measures the acceleration, not the mass.
Earthquake acceleration is typically measured in Gal. A minor tremor might produce 10-50 Gal (0.1-0.5 m/s² or 0.01-0.05 g), while a major earthquake can exceed 1000 Gal (10 m/s² or 1 g). Peak ground acceleration is crucial for building design in seismic zones.