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Assess cirrhosis severity, prognosis, and surgical risk
| Outcome | Class A | Class B | Class C |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1-Year Survival | 100% | 80% | 45% |
| 2-Year Survival | 85% | 60% | 35% |
| Perioperative Mortality | 10% | 30% | >80% |
| Surgical Candidacy | Good | Moderate risk | Poor - avoid |
Fluid accumulation from portal hypertension and low albumin. Treat with sodium restriction, diuretics. Refractory ascites suggests poor prognosis.
Confusion from ammonia accumulation. Grades I-II: subtle changes. Grades III-IV: stupor/coma. Treat with lactulose, rifaximin.
Portal hypertension causes esophageal/gastric varices. Screen with EGD. Prevent with beta-blockers or band ligation.
Kidney failure from splanchnic vasodilation. Type 1: rapid, often fatal. Type 2: slower progression. Treat with albumin, vasopressors.
| Feature | Child-Pugh | MELD |
|---|---|---|
| Components | Bilirubin, albumin, INR, ascites, encephalopathy | Bilirubin, creatinine, INR, sodium (MELD-Na) |
| Subjective Components | Yes (ascites, encephalopathy) | No - all objective labs |
| Primary Use | Prognosis, surgical risk assessment | Transplant allocation (UNOS) |
| Includes Renal Function | No | Yes (creatinine) |
| Score Range | 5-15 (3 classes) | 6-40 (continuous) |
Originally developed by Child and Turcotte in 1964 for surgical risk in cirrhosis, modified by Pugh in 1973. Still widely used despite being largely replaced by MELD for transplant allocation.
Best for: surgical risk assessment, prognosis counseling, general severity classification. Less useful for transplant prioritization (use MELD). Good for tracking progression over time.
Subjective components (ascites, encephalopathy) cause variability. Ceiling effect - cannot distinguish among sickest patients. Does not include renal function (important prognostic factor).
In PBC, modified cutoffs are used: bilirubin <4 (1 pt), 4-10 (2 pts), >10 (3 pts). Standard cutoffs underestimate severity in cholestatic liver diseases.